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Summing up scientific arguments

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Scientific arguments are formed by figuring out what we would expect to observe if a particular idea were true and then checking those expectations against what we actually observe. A match between expectations and observations lends support to the idea, while a mismatch helps refute the idea.

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Image formatted in a grid to show examples following parts of scientific hypothesis in studying plants, atoms and earth science. Top row shows a word in an equation “Hypothesis/theory” with an arrow leading to “expected results/observations” is equal or not equal to “actual results/observations.” Second row of grid an image of a leaf stoma, next the leaf is under the microscope and the result is the same as the first leaf stoma. The second row has 3 images. First, an image of an atom, leading to the next image of a particle bouncing off an illustration of gold foil. The third image shows the same image. The last row shows world map during the early during the cretaceous, when land was not separated by the ocean. This image points to current world map. South America has a skull super imposed, as well as Africa. The last image, the result, is the same as the second.

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