• [What is science?: Grades 6-8] Scientists strive to test their ideas with evidence from the natural world; a hallmark of science is exposing ideas to testing. (P3, P4, P6, P7, NOS2)
• [What is science?: Grades 6-8] Scientific knowledge is open to question and revision as new ideas surface and new evidence is discovered. (P6, NOS3)
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Scientists strive to test their ideas with evidence from the natural world; a hallmark of science is exposing ideas to testing. (P3, P4, P6, P7, NOS2)
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Scientific knowledge is open to question and revision as new ideas surface and new evidence is discovered. (P4, P6, NOS3)
• [How science works: Grades 6-8] The process of science involves observation, exploration, testing, communication, and application.
• [How science works: Grades 6-8] Scientists test their ideas by predicting what they would expect to observe if their idea were true and then seeing if that prediction is correct. (P4, P6)
• [How science works: Grades 6-8] Scientists can test ideas about events and processes long past, very distant, and not directly observable.
• [How science works: Grades 6-8] Scientists test their ideas using multiple lines of evidence.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] The real process of science is complex, iterative, and can take many different paths.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists test their ideas (hypotheses and theories) by figuring out what expectations are generated by an idea and making observations to find out whether those expectations are borne out. (P4, P6)
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists can test ideas about events and processes long past, very distant, and not directly observable.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists test their ideas using multiple lines of evidence. (P6, NOS2)
• [Hypotheses and theories: Grades 6-8] Accepted scientific theories are not tenuous; they must survive rigorous testing and be supported by multiple lines of evidence to be accepted. (P6, NOS4)
• [Hypotheses and theories: Grades 9-12] Accepted scientific theories are not tenuous; they must survive rigorous testing and be supported by multiple lines of evidence to be accepted. (P6, NOS2, NOS4)
• [The social side of science: Grades 6-8] Scientists check each other's work, often through peer review. (P7)
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Scientists scrutinize each other's work through peer review and other processes. (P7, NOS5)

• NOS Matrix understanding category 2. Scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence.
• NOS Matrix understanding category 3. Scientific knowledge is open to revision in light of new evidence.
• NOS Matrix understanding category 4. Scientific models, laws, mechanisms, and theories explain natural phenomena.
• Science and Engineering Practice 3. Planning and carrying out investigations
• Science and Engineering Practice 4. Analyzing and interpreting data
• Science and Engineering Practice 6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions
• Science and Engineering Practice 7. Engaging in argument from evidence

This video could be used to supplement with a more elaborate lesson using the Walter Alvarez story.  The video itself does not use the Understanding Science flowchart, but teachers could ask students to chart the path of the scientists on the flowchart based on the information in the video.

• Exploration and discovery
• Hypotheses/theories
• Peer review
• Process of science
• Scientific arguments/evidence/testing ideas