• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Science aims to build explanations of the natural world. (P3, P6)
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Science focuses on natural phenomena and processes.
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Science works only with testable ideas. (P2, P3, NOS2)
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Moral judgments, aesthetic judgments, decisions about applications of science, and conclusions about the supernatural are outside the realm of science. (NOS8)
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Scientists strive to test their ideas with evidence from the natural world; a hallmark of science is exposing ideas to testing. (P3, P4, P6, P7, NOS2)
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Scientific knowledge is open to question and revision as new ideas surface and new evidence is discovered. (P4, P6, NOS3)
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Scientific ideas cannot be absolutely proven.
• [What is science?: Grades 9-12] Science is ongoing; answering one scientific question frequently leads to additional questions to be investigated. (P1)
• [What is science?: Grades 13-16] Science focuses on natural phenomena and processes.
• [What is science?: Grades 13-16] Science works only with testable ideas.
• [What is science?: Grades 13-16] Moral judgments, aesthetic judgments, decisions about applications of science, and conclusions about the supernatural are outside the realm of science.
• [What is science?: Grades 13-16] Scientists strive to test their ideas with evidence from the natural world; a hallmark of science is exposing ideas to testing.
• [What is science?: Grades 13-16] Scientific knowledge is open to question and revision as new ideas surface and new evidence is discovered.
• [What is science?: Grades 13-16] Scientific ideas cannot be absolutely proven.
• [What is science?: Grades 13-16] Because it has been tested, scientific knowledge is reliable.
• [What is science?: Grades 13-16] Science is ongoing; answering one scientific question frequently leads to additional questions to be investigated.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] The real process of science is complex, iterative, and can take many different paths.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] The real process of science is complex, iterative, and can take many different paths.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] The process of science involves observation, exploration, testing, communication, and application.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientific observations can be made directly with our own senses or may be made indirectly through the use of tools.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists test their ideas (hypotheses and theories) by figuring out what expectations are generated by an idea and making observations to find out whether those expectations are borne out. (P4, P6)
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists can test ideas about events and processes long past, very distant, and not directly observable.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists often try to generate multiple explanations for what they observe. (P7)
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists look for patterns in their observations and data. (P4, P5, NOS2)
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Raw data must be analyzed and interpreted before we can tell whether a scientific idea is likely to be accurate or inaccurate. (P4, P5)
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Analysis of data usually involves putting data into a more easily accessible format (visualization, tabulation, or quantification of qualitative data). (P4, P5)
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists try to be objective and work to identify and avoid bias.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Different scientists may interpret the same data in different ways. (P7)
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Researchers share their findings with the scientific community through scientific publications. (P8)
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] Scientists aim for their studies to be replicable.
• [How science works: Grades 9-12] When a study of a phenomenon cannot be replicated, it may suggest that our current understanding of the phenomenon or our methods of testing are insufficient.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] The process of science involves observation, exploration, testing, communication, and application.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Scientific observations can be made directly with our own senses or may be made indirectly through the use of tools.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Scientists test their ideas (hypotheses and theories) by figuring out what expectations are generated by an idea and making observations to find out whether those expectations are borne out.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Scientists can test ideas about events and processes long past, very distant, and not directly observable.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Scientists often try to generate multiple explanations for what they observe.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Scientists look for patterns in their observations and data.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Analysis of data usually involves putting data into a more easily accessible format (visualization, tabulation, or quantification of qualitative data).
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Scientists try to be objective and work to identify and avoid bias.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Different scientists may interpret the same data in different ways; data interpretation can be influenced by a scientist's assumptions, biases, and background.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Researchers share their findings with the scientific community through scientific publications.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] Scientists aim for their studies to be replicable.
• [How science works: Grades 13-16] When a study of a phenomenon cannot be replicated, it may suggest that our current understanding of the phenomenon or our methods of testing are insufficient.
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Science depends on communication within the scientific community. (P7, P8)
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Scientists usually work collaboratively. (NOS7)
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Scientists scrutinize each other's work through peer review and other processes. (P7, NOS5)
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Through a system of checks and balances (which includes peer review), the scientific community helps ensure science's accuracy and helps detect bias, fraud, and misconduct. (P7, NOS5)
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Science relies on the accumulated knowledge of the scientific community to move forward. (NOS5)
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] The scientific community is global and diverse. (NOS7)
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] The diversity of the scientific community helps facilitate specialization and provides different points of view that invigorate problem solving and balance biases.
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Scientists are influenced by their personal experiences and cultures. (NOS7)
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Anyone can participate in science, but the pursuit of science as a career often requires extensive formal training.
• [The social side of science: Grades 9-12] Scientists are creative. (NOS7)
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] Science depends on communication within the scientific community.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] Scientists usually work collaboratively.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] Scientists scrutinize each other's work through peer review and other processes.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] Through a system of checks and balances (which includes peer review), the scientific community helps ensure science's accuracy and helps detect bias, fraud, and misconduct.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] The scientific community motivates researchers in their investigations by providing recognition and, sometimes, a sense of competition.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] Science relies on the accumulated knowledge of the scientific community to move forward.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] The scientific community is global and diverse.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] The diversity of the scientific community helps facilitate specialization and provides different points of view that invigorate problem solving and balance biases.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] Scientists are influenced by their personal experiences and cultures.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] Anyone can participate in science, but the pursuit of science as a career often requires extensive formal training.
• [The social side of science: Grades 13-16] Scientists are creative.

• NOS Matrix understanding category 1. Scientific investigations use a variety of methods.
• NOS Matrix understanding category 2. Scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence.
• NOS Matrix understanding category 3. Scientific knowledge is open to revision in light of new evidence.
• NOS Matrix understanding category 5. Science is a way of knowing.
• NOS Matrix understanding category 7. Science is a human endeavor.
• NOS Matrix understanding category 8. Science addresses questions about the natural and material world.
• Science and Engineering Practice 1. Asking questions and defining problems
• Science and Engineering Practice 2. Developing and using models
• Science and Engineering Practice 3. Planning and carrying out investigations
• Science and Engineering Practice 4. Analyzing and interpreting data
• Science and Engineering Practice 5. Using mathematics and computational thinking
• Science and Engineering Practice 6. Constructing explanations and designing solutions
• Science and Engineering Practice 7. Engaging in argument from evidence
• Science and Engineering Practice 8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Access the Luminous Science Education Toolkit for classroom activities to support students' interpretation of the film.

• Exploration and discovery
• Peer review
• Process of science
• Scientific arguments/evidence/testing ideas
• Scientific community
• What is science/nature of science